Present Perfect

• The Present Perfect is used to talk about a situation or an action that began in the past and influences the present. It's used to talk about a past experience too.

• Ex: I've lost my pencil. (Perdi o meu lápis.) (Perdi-o no passado e ainda não o encontrei.)

• Ex: We've always lived in this house. (Sempre vivemos nesta casa.) (Nascemos aqui e ainda vivemos cá.)

• The Present Perfect is used when you don't know exactly when the action happened or when it doesn't matter.

• Ex: We've had lunch. (Já almoçamos.) (Não interessa a hora exacta.)

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Present Perfect with just, for and since

• EX: I've just seen Sally in the garden.

• EX: Peter's been at this school for three years.

• EX: Jonah has been at this school since September.

Spelling Rules - past participle

Regular Verbs

1. With most verbs, add "-ed" to the infinitive of the verb without to​.​

​EX: listen --> listened

    work --> worked

  2. If the verb ends with an -e, joins a -d.

EX: like --> liked

             arrive --> arrived

  3. If it ends with a consonant + y, the y becomes to an i and joins -ed.

EX: worry --> worried

     study --> studied

 4. If the verb ends with a vogal and a consonant, double the final consonant and joins -ed.

EX: stop --> stopped

    chat --> chatted

 5. The verbs that end with an -y don't double the final consonant.

EX: play --> played

Irregular Verbs

The irregular verbs don't follow ortographic rules, so you have to memorize the list of the Irregular Verbs.

EX:                                                      Infinitive         Past Tense      Past Participle

                                                go                   went               gone

                                               drink                drank                 drunk

                                                see                   saw                    seen

                                                have                  had                     had         

How is the Present Perfect formed?

• AFF: Subj. + have/has + past participle of the main verb ----- I've sent the message.

• NEG: Subj. + haven't/hasn't + past participle of the main verb ----- I haven't sent the message.

• INT: Have/Has + subj. + past participle of the main verb ----- Have I sent the message?